Cover photo by mori_hero
CMOS sensors are one of the main imaging elements found in modern digital cameras and smartphones. These sensors convert light into electrical signals to generate digital images.
This article clearly explains the basic mechanisms, features, and key points to consider when choosing CMOS sensors.
Photo by RYUURI
How CMOS Sensors Work
CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) sensors have a structure where a photodiode, which detects light, and an amplifier, which amplifies signals, are paired together. This mechanism allows for the generation of images by converting the charge generated by the amount of light into electrical signals.
Notably, each pixel is equipped with an amplifier, enabling efficient signal processing, resulting in faster processing speeds and reduced power consumption.
Advantages and Evolution of CMOS Sensors
CMOS sensors were initially valued for their low cost, but technological advancements have significantly improved image quality. The introduction of back-illuminated CMOS has addressed the previous issue of light capture efficiency, allowing for bright and clear photography even in low-light conditions.
Photo by Yuzurigima
The ability of smartphone cameras to capture beautiful images in low-light environments is due to this back-illuminated CMOS technology.
Differences from CCD Sensors
CMOS sensors are often compared to CCD sensors, which have been traditionally used. While CCDs offer high image quality, they are costly and consume more power. In contrast, CMOS sensors are energy-efficient and can be integrated into a system-on-chip.
As the image quality issues of CMOS sensors are being resolved, they are increasingly used not only in digital cameras but also in small devices like smartphones and drones.
Currently, when choosing a camera, CMOS sensors are optimal for those prioritizing a balance between price and performance.
